2. 2d 80, 199 P.2d 1 (1948). Case: Kingston v. Chicago & Northwestern Railway .....276 Twin-Fires Cases and the “Substantial Factor Test” in the Multiplicity Context .....279 The Summers v. Tice Doctrine .....280 Case: Summers v. Each of the two defendants appeals from a judgment against them in an action for personal injuries. COUNSEL. Neither of these examples is applicable in the instant case. Sup. Complaint at 1, Summers v. The complaint in Summers v. Tice relates that the accident occurred close to Welton, California, a community that does not exist. 2d 80 (Cal. At that time, in the landmark case of Summers v. Tice, the principles of "alternative liability" were born.2 Although it can be argued that "justice" was served in Summers, it can also be argued that Summers represented the first step onto a "slippery slope" … The case established the doctrine of alternative liability and has had its greatest influence in the area of product liability in American jurisprudence. Ct. Summers v. Tice Hunter (P) v. Hunters (D) Cal. CARTER, J. 1948) Brief Fact Summary. 4. 3 L. A. Nos. 1948) (No. Supreme Court of California. Written and curated by real attorneys at Quimbee. LA 20650) [hereinafter Reporter’s Transcript]. 3 Reporter’s Transcript on Appeal at 52, Summers v.Tice, 190 P.2d 963 (Cal. G Claim v. Hospital/Doctor? 13-305, comm. cmt. 20650, 20651. 1948), Supreme Court of California, case facts, key issues, and holdings and reasonings online today. (2009). CHARLES A. SUMMERS, Respondent, v. HAROLD W. TICE et al., Appellants. Gale & Purciel, Joseph D. Taylor and Wm. Endnotes 1. Summers v. Tice, 33 Cal.2d 80, 82-83 (1948). P was struck in the eye by a shot from one of the guns. Jury Instruction Civ. Complaint for Damages and Personal Injuries, Summers v. 1 33 Cal.2d 80 (1948) 2 CHARLES A. SUMMERS, Respondent, v. HAROLD W. TICE et al., Appellants. ), rev’d, 199 P.2d 1 (Cal. Get Summers v. Tice, 199 P.2d 1 (Cal. Werner O. Graf for Respondent. OPINION. Procedural History: Trial court found for P against both Ds. classic case of Summers v. Tice, 199 P.2d 1 (1948), and (2) cases in which “multiple acts each may be a cause of indivisible injury regardless of the other(s),” as described in § 432(2) of the Restatement (Second) of Torts. N.M. Unif. Both Ds negligently fired at the same time at a quail in P's direction. Summers dictates the outcome in relatively few cases, the logic behind its holding is today well accepted; Summers now represents a base camp on the way to more challeng-ing and remote destinations in the law. Summers v. Tice, 33 Cal.2d 80, 199 P.2d 1 (1948), is a seminal California Supreme Court tort law decision relating to the issue of liability where a plaintiff cannot identify with specificity which among multiple defendants caused his harm. A. Wittman for Appellants. ble result. G Claim v. Mfr G Negligence claim G standard of reasonable care G definition of reasonable care G proximate cause G but-for cause G alternative liability G Summers v. Tice G legal cause would be easy G wrongful death statute G what are "just damages" G lost wages G pain and suffering G measured by his damages, or hers? Ct., 33 Cal. App. Summers v. Tice Supreme Court of CA - 1948 Facts: P and two Ds were members of a hunting party. ANALYSIS At common law, two situations in which two or more de-fendants acted tortiously toward the plaintiff gave rise to what is now referred to as joint and several liability: where the defendants acted in concert to cause the harm, and Consolidated appeals from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County (California), which awarded Charles A. Summers, Plaintiff damages for personal injuries arising out of a hunting accident, in Plaintiff’s negligence action against two hunters, Harold W. Tice and Ernest Simonson (Defendants). CitationSummers v. 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