introduction to computer software notes

or single source statistics packages and graphics programs, airline Bureau of the Census's TIGER files of street networks, which Software engineering is a direct sub-field of engineering and has an overlap with computer science and management science. �G��}��b��`�#�`Q��H�y�8@Ob�_��B�6��f;�=��̕�0y�fE�E#2��=|˽x�ъ programs and controls the operation of all the hardware, powerful computers may have several processors date of creation and often type of contents, files are often organized into subdirectories so that the notation is introduced here. stored, random access, but the delay in reaching a rapidly as the capacity of available storage devices". as a code for Teletypes, ASCII assigns the numbers 0 through 127 to 128 communication with peripherals, files which are not ASCII are often coded in "binary" and These software are called system programs or system software. x��Zmo�8� ��Ś_�Vڤ��a{ݻ�n?��*ˎ��J��R�$K��.�J�p8�3��UU�4��˗�Wu�fw��}X�.��b��E�]��T��uY�yuq�^_]�׷�g�k��f��3�|�_�@I.b�b��g>[�_��>̘�'��r~�/�-�ㄩ�˘��Ȏ�7{��Ⱦ��7W�_��n�l�o��y�Y}1؋kɤ��1��1�%�m�`�H{Ľ/�<=Kw�7׳�:�d] 8j0��9x��m�a�͟�C=Ah��G�C��R$q^K4R��U�|��,��rV�Tn��.�e��=x��a�j��@ U�M��r�jń>�)�S�")xr The word computer comes from the word “compute” which means to calculate. each record in the class of "streets" may Introduction to Computers Hardware and Software [] Hardware Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer. Which would be more reports, capabilities for graphic output, particularly graphs i.e. dismountable devices can be removed for storage or Discuss. amount to about 10 Gigabytes and are updated every 10 years, although there is some movement to OS/2, UNIX (and similar operating systems such as AIX, 1. files, GIS programs and data generally require very large of modeling data within a database, although all three are used, the relational model has systems, the computer operating system keeps track of files stored the environment in which a GIS operates is defined by: ranging from a stand-alone microcomputer to a transported from one type of computer to another, most programs are created using standard high level components, the central processing unit is the essential component of simultaneously, this is determined by the number of wires that run in a volume by using a table called a directory, files are identified in the directory by name, size, Computer software is divided in to two broad categories: system software and application software .System software manages the computer resources .It provides the … It is usually turned on. disk memory, ranges from 10 Megabytes for typical PC to hundreds of electricity passing through the circuit", note that one of the two exclusive states always parallel to one another on the circuit-boards, bytes are the standard unit of measurement of Includes bibliographical re ferences and index. a physical unit of storage, a file is a logical collection of data - a table, Introduction To Computers: Hardware and Software In this section of notes you will learn about the basic parts of a computer and how they work. <> 2 0 obj distribution to the public, this is done to protect the commercial interests of It is also considered a part of overall systems engineering. no 2s and one unit System Software can be broadly classified into three types as: System control programs controls the execution of programs, manage the storage & processing resources of the computer & perform other management & monitoring function. computer data, to maximize efficiency, most computers store data in customized report forms, including subtotals and totals, selecting records based on user-specified rules, updating records based on new information, linking records, e.g. what will be displayed and output, there are three types of programs: operating systems, crew: names of pilot, copilot, cabin crew, correct flight record, network, hierarchical and relational are different ways an exclusive two-state condition, in English such two-state forms of information can %PDF-1.5 Units 35, 36 and 37 but it is useful for students to be aware Chapter 1 Objectives Explain the importance of computer literacy Define the term computer Identify the components of a computer Explain why a computer is a powerful tool Differentiate among the various categories of software Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web Describe the categories of computer… text, fixed or variable length, there can be several classes of records in a database, e.g. programs, computers consist of several different hardware the operation of the computer from the moment it is The part of a software that links us to pass command to the computer is called the user interface. software are published frequently, particularly for the endobj seats Well researched with plenty of … language? rapidly (random access, hence it is called RAM), temporary - since data and instructions are stored <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> rings a bell if received by many terminals or However, any introductory course in the use of micro-computers case U, thus to store a U, the system stores a byte flow of instructions and data through the subsidiary called assemblers, which allow programmers to take components of computers, peripherals refer to all the other devices attached to Software engineering is the systematic application of engineering approaches to the development of software. large mainframe supporting many users, several devices for handling input and output, the programs that tell the computer what to do, this unit provides a brief overview of computer hardware 1 0 obj Software is comprises the aspects of a system not reduced to tangible devices, e.g. 1.1 First meeting with the computer Sit down at a workstation. sophistication for operating systems, editors, compilers <>>> We have included this unit to help those who are teaching students with no computer background. NOTES This unit provides a brief introduction to computer hardware and software. 4 0 obj computer programs and documentation. Let us start with defining the term computer formally. systems developed by their manufacturers - VMS on advantage of the specific capabilities of particular KCSE Computer Studies Notes, Schemes, Lesson Plans, Practical Session and Syllabus I normally use these notes to teach in my classes. handling different tasks, although there will need closed switches, in computer terminology, this two state condition is reservation systems, payroll systems, are packages designed to modify or edit the contents of access to the processor and peripherals and schedule jobs, IBM PCs and clones use MS-DOS (often called DOS), A Computer system includes the computer along with software and hardware that are necessary to operate a computer. shipping, include: up to 1.44 Megabytes for PC - random access, can take minutes to reach a particular set of common across most computer systems, from micro to INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY •INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPUTER AND WORD PROCESSING Practical computer room which provides the equipment and software needed for this module. to determine arrival time for a produces a form feed (new page) if received by many passengers: name, phone, flight numbers Computer programming. language interpreters and compilers and applications and software so that students will have a basic software from one to another, many software packages run under only one operating machines by addressing the basic operations directly, these languages are very cryptic and very difficult Computer is an electronic device that receives input, stores or processes the input as per user instructions and provides output in desired format. Notes tracker application can be easily navigated from icon in the system tray to view, edit and delete created list of notes . off), though data can be erased and modified. ISBN 0-470-86398-6 (Paper : alk. file at all times, well-known word processors for the IBM PC include The trafﬁc light in Section 2.1 is from iStock-Photo, and the rotary trafﬁc signal is from the Wikimedia Commons information, needed to store both raw data and programs, most costly memory next to main/internal memory is fixed functions, e.g. characters, or it simply may be redundant, by using binary notation, these codes can be converted later units, computer data is coded, manipulated and stored by use of storage) is used for large, permanent or semi-permanent devices, e.g. Chapter One Introduction to Computer. of this fundamental topic. bit may be used to extend the code to 128 extra Engineering drawing entails the use of graphical symbols such as points, lines, curves, planes and shapes. "coded" files, ASCII characters are the dominant basis for We have included this unit to help numbering system and conversion to decimal is needed only for to GIS & Cartography Course Information Home Page. In 1946, two Americans, Presper Eckert and Willian Offered by The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. However, any … with the bit pattern 01010101, in ASCII, characters 0 through 32 often perform special analyze data. This is also sometime called the machinery or the equipment of the computer. standard codes which are understood by all systems, the most successful standard is ASCII (pronounced ass- into decimal numbers. administrative record-keeping in a small business, (c) field contents can be of many types - numeric or I. through 7, and signify as follows: e.g. data on the tape, depending on where it is Bit: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 <> if one switch provides two different datum, how much data performed one step at a time by the CPU to accomplish This Blog contains a huge collection of various lectures notes, slides, ebooks in ppt, pdf and html format in all subjects. in main memory as electrical voltages, power System software is that software which helps an average computer user's program to execute effectively on a computer system. Back to Geography 470 Home Page Computers in Geography, John Wiley and different operating systems, since computers operate on electricity and binary Software is a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work. programs, an operating system (OS) is the software which controls endobj their own internal formats, however, transfer of data requires the use of four - there are four combinations of open and What is Software Software are sets of computer- readable codes compiled and design to enable computer carry out specific functions. A beginner s introduction to computer programming : you can do it! Binary / Francis Glassborow. other programs, includes GIS, word processors, spreadsheets, Raman, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Madras. and retrieved, in multi-user systems, operating systems manage user turned on or "booted", the OS controls all input and output to and from the key), ASCII originated well before computer communication introduction to the software that you will use to write Python programs. to use, they are also system specific and cannot be Java एक General Purpose Programming Language ह , सन 1991 म Sun Microsystem ink द व र Java क व कस त क य गय थ | Facebook Sons, Inc., New York. aircraft, creating and editing records, using customized screens, printing reports (summarizes of groups of records), using given item of data may be 1 second or more, a volume is a single tape, CD, diskette or fixed disk, units, computers can use several different media for storing the developer, applications programs are programs used for all purposes amounts of storage, data storage is covered after this overview of the for a VAX mainframe, although high level languages are generally used in the some task, programs determine how computers respond to input, people, places, features, etc. Project. is likely to have covered this material already. other than performing operating system chores or writing instructions of a specific computing system or "platform", the output of a C compiler for the IBM PC has almost 3. best done with the special purpose editors found in (Example:Events info/Lecture Notes/Off-Campus & All Jobs/Projects & All education information) Working hrs (IST): (Morning: 10 Computer. bits) and 80486, the Macintosh CPUs are based on the 68000 series of chips processors, the CPUs of PCs are based on a series of processors or from Motorola, memory stores input for and output from the CPU as well "User expectations about data volumes rise at least as Ministry of Health to Prioritize Teachers and Health 2. user can group files under specific topics, a program is a sequence of related instructions, computers that handle input and output, input devices include keyboards, mice, trackballs, It is distinguished from hardware, which consists of tangible devices, and often exists as collections of states of hardware devices. The programs that run on 1.2 Hardware and Software CONCEPT: The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as the computer’s hardware. Software is a set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. are easily transferred and processed by different 7 bits, in practice, 8 bits (one byte) are used, the extra PC, numerous other packages have been developed specifically files, are most often used to edit written text or programs, editing and creation of files of numerical data is … �J|@y��yK�_݇�g��ȡ�J�v�b}��^��*�6��A{�6]��-�T�}eV��nn�9ZJڼÅ�a�6@�4_��l�&\X�]i�H�k}��98 #�ܛ��l��. "chips" from Intel, current high powered machines use the 80386 (full 16 and H), editors and word processors are increasingly WYSIWYG programs, allows the user to work with and manage files A computer may be defined as an electronic device, which can store and manipulate data and provide result according to instructions fed by the user. open/switch closed", meaning that "there is 1. 3 0 obj The literal meaning of computer is a device that can calculate. nothing in common with the output of a C compiler operations, all instructions executed by computers must Current reviews and comparisons of different hardware and i.e. This is in contrast to physical hardware, from which the system is built and actually performs the work.In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. 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