An oil refinery and the sewage system built as part of industrialization and urbanization have contributed to oil and organic pollution in the bay. are coastal, and some are also important ports; as much as 80% of industrial activities and 90% of tourism and recreation, almost all fishing and aquaculture, 35% of cultivated fields, and a significant percentage of infrastructure (including ports, airports, and roads) is concentrated on the coasts. Leticia , in Coastal Management, 2019. The rate of sedimentation has tripled in Puerto Cortes in the last 50 years, and is expected to double its current rate in the next 20 years if left unchecked. Sustainable Development. It can also negatively affect other marine sectors such as fisheries and marine aquaculture due to structural changes in the local economy and activities. At Punta Mona, we have recorded coral damage due to anchoring by tourism related boats. In 1994 and 1995, tourist were also observed collecting corals and reef organisms, increasing the destruction of the area. They have lost up to 300 m perpendicular to the coast along 4.5 km, disappearing almost half the town. It is further expected that the unfavorable soil and water salinity scenario will continue to be aggravated by a number of rapid and slow onset coastal hazards, led by climate change-induced sea level rise and rainfall variability in coastal regions (Knutson et al., 2010; Redfern et al., 2012; Dasgupta et al., 2014). Neither have been included in key national programs and policies. In the absence of proactive institutional leadership and because of the lack of national focus and funding, development partners have also changed their priorities. 53/1, 2011), IAEA Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme: Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Soil and Water Mangement and Crop Nutrition Section (SWMCN), Sustainable Development of Coastal Waters. The number of visitors to Cahuita National Park increased dramatically between 1982 and 1991 (latest data available) (Bermúdez 1992). Mass death of wild fish was also observed and resulted in shifts in community structure (Ng et al., 2017). This fisherman in Nicaragua relies upon clean water to catch fish that are safe for him and his family to eat. The Bluefield Lagoon in the south Atlantic autonomous region of Nicaragua is an ecological haven for a variety of marine life and eco systems. Expanding coastal development leads to several types of infrastructure and coastal development in order to provide necessary public services. Rajarshi DasGupta, ... Mrittika Basu, in Coastal Management, 2019. Coastal development is defined as the human-induced change of the landscape within sight of the coastline. Telephone: +43 (1) 2600-0, Facsimile +43 (1) 2600-7, © 1998–2020 IAEA, All rights reserved. From 1990 there has been a reduction of sediment accumulation rates, coinciding with efforts to reduce socio-economic activities and implement sound pollution reduction measures. Dictionary ! M. areolata colonies in other areas not utilized by the visitors had significantly lower incidences of damage. In 2014, 160 tonnes of farmed fish in the Johor Strait were killed by an algal bloom. Seagrasses have a very high light requirement, needing > 10% of incident sunlight to thrive (Duarte, 1991). They also indicate trends of increased level of inorganic pollution in the last 100 years. Furthermore, it is important to understand how habitat fragments can best be incorporated into broader land use planning and coastal management, in order to maximize the environmental benefits they … A major economic activity in Almirante Bay in the province of Bocas del Toro, Panama, is the processing of bananas for export. Large colonies of D. clivosa, M. annularis, C. natans and M. cavernosa are dead on top due to abrasion caused by swimmers, who often rested upon them. It is the site for thousands of industrial and commercial enterprises, as well as home for nearly one million people. Finally, it further narrates the results of a pilot study to identify farmers' willingness and intention to embrace specific adaptive/coping actions. These activities are believed to contribute to contamination, in terms of leachate from solid waste; industrial effluent discharges; agrochemical runoffs and domestic sewage. The FAO definition of sustainable agricultural development is "the management and conservation of the natural resource base, and the orientation of technological and institutional change in such a manner as to ensure the attainment and continued satisfaction … Jorge Cortés, Carlos Jiménez, in Latin American Coral Reefs, 2003. (2015) developed a new policy concept of Climate Compatible Development (CCD) to predict the economic consequences of plausible alternative future scenarios for Kenya's mangrove forests. Apart from the impact of elevated sea surface temperature, another emerging threat includes the increasing frequency of harmful algal blooms. The only coasts that show sand accumulation are those in which there are large rivers with an abundant sediment load. If you would like to learn more about the IAEA’s work, sign up for our weekly updates containing our most important news, multimedia and more. IDS 6240 - Sustainable Coastal Planning: Concepts and Principles (3) The course provides an overview of land use planning, introduces sustainable/smart growth principles and provide specific development concepts for coastal and waterfront communities. Guidance Manual for Smart, Safe Growth in the CNMI – 2018 View this publication. 11 A sustainable development strategy is in place which includes the precautionary principle and an ecosystems approach, and which treats coastal areas as distinct and separate entities. Enhancing conservation and the sustainable use of ocean-based resources through international law will also help mitigate some of … The sustainability of coastal areas largely depends on effective and timely planning at the local level. Port-au-Prince Bay acts as a natural harbour for Haiti's like-named capital city. However, eutrophication in aquatic environments can shift the competitive balance from seagrasses (dominant primary producers in low-nutrient conditions) to faster-growing primary producers. In 1995, 63% of the area was destroyed by anchors from boats that take snorklers and swimmers to the area. One of these patch reefs, known as El Jardín, has been depleted of its octocoral population, which gave the place its name. This major industry thus accounts for the bay's increased pollution by organic chemicals and hydrocarbons. The most common types of coastal pollution result from high concentrations of heavy metals(lead, mercury), inorganic elements (cobalt, chromium, zinc, nickel), and organic pollutants (pesticides and poly nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons). One of the colonies was approximately 2 m high by 2.3 m wide, and was considered the attraction of the deep dives there. Coastal development impacts may be direct (e.g., land filling, dredging, coral and sand mining for construction) or indirect (e.g., increased runoff of sediment and pollutants). Needless to say, adapting to such an adverse salinity scenario remains highly imperative for coastal managers, policy planners, and coastal agricultural communities at large. This includes building structures that are on or near the coast in general for protection, commerce, communication, or recreation. Additional cover of impervious surfaces and the growing population can increase the amount of stormwater runoff and can lead to an increase in nutrients, sediments, and toxic chemicals such as oils, greases, pesticides, and herbicides reaching seagrass beds. Empirical studies have already indicated that each unit (dS/mL) rise of salinity roughly corresponds to a 12% reduction in rice yields, along with structural damage resulting in poor market values (Hanson et al., 1999; Redfern et al., 2012). Nicaragua will be using knowledge gained from these analyses to replicate the study in othe rcoastal ecosystems in Nicaragua with similar conditions, and even extend the study to inland water bodies. The environmental impacts of development impacts directly affect communities' ability to balance natural resource protection with sustainable community growth. This represents a potential danger to public health from the consumption of marine organisms. However, the water quality has badly degraded, and the surrounding area has deteriorated, thus reducing its environmental use and touristic attractiveness. According to a 2006 environmental profile of Guatemala, the country lost 11% of its forest areain the last 10 years, resulting in increased sedimentation rates in the bay area. Moreover, the devastation from Hurricane Joan in 1988 almost completely destroyed the basin and added significantly to sediment build-up. Robert Coles, Miguel Fortes, in Global Seagrass Research Methods, 2001. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. It mirrors our long-accepted definition of sustainable development as one that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Central America's largest port - a hub for cargo vessels and luxury cruise ships - is also located along the bay. The Blue Economy encompasses many activities that impact all of us. To recovered the lost terrain we proposed the use of geotubes, constructing a barrier parallel to the beach and filling with dredging and reinforcing these structures with submerged breakwaters of geotubes. Huxham et al. The Coatzacoalcos River is the third largest river in Mexico. and Green Infrastructure, to ensure the sustainable development of EU coastal areas. With rapid urbanization in the coastal zone and increasing habitat losses, it is imperative to understand how urban development affects coastal biodiversity and ecosystem service provision. The reduction in freshwater flow and changes in hydrology have been linked to the mass mortality of seagrasses in Florida Bay in 1987–91 and, more recently, in 2015–16 (Hall et al., 2016). It is anticipated that more shorelines will be replaced by seawalls to adapt to sea-level rise and to reduce coastal erosion. This book examines some key questions for tourism development in these areas, with implications for similar regions across the world. Huxham et al. Huge volumes of agricultural pollutants and industrial and municipal waste make their way into Rio Haina from industrial areas in the basin and from the city of Santo Domingo. upland and wetland habitats, development in coastal areas further degrades the ... definition of coast is “the space in which terrestrial environs interact ... to bring about safe and sustainable coastal communities. For example: The Bay of Cartagena is one of Colombia's major waterways. This increased visitation has had an impact on the coral reefs of the region (Cortés 1994). Worldwide, 2.5 billion people (40% of the world's population) currently live within 100 km of the coast, adding increased pressure to coastal ecosystems. At the current rate of sedimentation, Honduras expects that the frequency and cost of dredging the harbour area may increase in the near future. The CDS is the linchpin of the ICZM process, linking the CZPo to development programs and interventions. Oscar Serrano, ... Paul S. Lavery, in Coastal Wetlands, 2019. data). The coastal areas in the Caribbean are mainly used for tourism, fishing, industry and commerce, seaports, and as shelter for marine biodiversity; Coastal pollution has been steadily rising and results mostly from domestic sewage discharges, industrial waste dumping, residue from oil and other fossil fuels, shipping and port activities, hurricanes and other natural, agricultural runoffs, and deforestation and soil erosion; and. Coastal development linked to human settlements, industry, aquaculture, and infrastructure can cause severe impacts on near shore ecosystems, particularly coral reefs. The SDGs aim to sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems from pollution, as well as address the impacts of ocean acidification. Aerial view of cross-island waterways, tidal flats, and coastal forests on Andros. Higher levels of poly nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons have also been detected since the 1980s. There are similarities across the region and common pollution trends. The following national institutes participated in theregional project for sustainable coastal management ofthe Caribbean: Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100 The experts advise that the government should take this into account in coastal management efforts, and should alsoconsider studying the uptake of metals by marine biota. This is a premise of the sustainable development ideal. The impact of reef walkers and snorklers was measured recently in the lagoon at Punta Cahuita. The results will be presented at an inter-governmentalmMeeting of the United Nations Environment Programme in the Caribbean for higher-level dissemination. Sustainable development calls for concerted efforts towards building an inclusive, sustainable and resilient future for people and planet. Until then, follow-up training on the use of lead-210 for dating sediments and a review meeting for all counterparts are still foreseen. Nutrient loading from both wastewater and stormwater in the Florida Keys can negatively affect seagrass beds by limiting light availability and fueling the growth of micro- and macroalgae that compete with seagrasses. Increased oil pollution is also evident in the river estuary. It is a hub for tourism, for fishing and for industry. Dredging can further mobilize mercury present in sediments, thus emphasizing the need and importance of heavy metal pollution control in Cartagena Bay. Mercury pollution is also evident in Cartagena Bay, according to the analysis presented, with high concentrations detected in the deeper sediment layers. Sustainability as part of coastal development is achieved at the intersection of the ecological, economic, and social spheres represented by the three components of sustainable development. data). CNMI Sustainability Guide for Hospitality Industry – 2018 View this publication. (13.1%) and A. palmata (0.6%). However, rapid population growth in settlements around the lagoon, and increased activities in fishing, forestry, and agriculture are threatening the balance of this delicate ecosystem. An increase in the number of boats that take snorklers and swimmers to the reef at Cahuita has increased the impact on two particular patch reefs favored by tour operators (shallow waters and good coral condition). Strategies to further support Caribbean countries in developing and sustaining their individual capabilities for environmental monitoring and management should thereafter be developed to lend meaning to these valuable scientific results. Although industrial activity in Port-au-Prince Bay is limited, the generation of solid and liquid waste dumped into the bay - estimated at 1 500 tonnes per day - resulted in a steady increase of heavy metals in the water, particularly lead and mercury. (32.6%), Porites spp. Dredging and filling of seagrass beds for construction leads directly to seagrass losses. Equipment and training were provided under the project to strengthen the analytical capabilities of participating countries' scientific institutions. Source: Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2017/66. We strive to promote sustainable coasts through increased partnerships, conservation practices, scientific research and knowledge management for the benefit and well being of current and future generations. Coastal development causes loss of semi-natural and natural land, destruction and fragmentation of coastal habitats, and is also related to increased erosion levels and increased discharge of diffuse pollution and marine litter to the marine environment. 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