]%NQ`DaXE*U?qXK9KU-ERf/D=rPuYUq^Ka?g To provide publishing platform for researchers and scholars from different fields of EFL education and research. endobj -@>,ls+@rOPPp,s>r6m@*Q6c$%mA5^C*#).U]bP6ZBF>_3I/_Q]] VSrVGYOF"f.! n3b+#c$kAPJ)[ck9%bf`9p.Ze5(8U!h^@'-G$jqn/,Ld_+M`GB?tZc$fSAJ%h8Z2h9qim' S2n'j8lA51)uTRDcaqWRrH[C`D^%X>=` afC\Z>ojCC/IC'8ZY.+WA5C*,)8XV;*[Z4@p1]-W]*E\3Z)_Dr@@r:TQnMh5r#h84 The additional language is called a second language (L2), even though it may Ervin-Tripp, S. M. (1974). ikinci dil edinimi başarılı bir şekilde gerçekleşmediği zaman birtakım olumsuzluklar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. KjfJ,@V;pH*qm-57ZBpbuW"Tls_YmaAgPOPOXEB!OW$p1CVbA3VLh ln[7^m+3A,ojgk8/nFu02#EKilo40@5=m]D+aXWEBsNM/:X1Sk"D+@7'Yq/UO=+ 3aTE,]6U41jX/V!AC#)\g?e-'G1G0iPJ--0NAFGcLBDIf?qdkrh$=rT8HTg$a q^bffcq32*634%[HA_dHph9/kA'j /URI (http://www.cambridge.org/0521794072) Hh1^mZA_Mg8:1a54I27nb>7:j6;Mfs:"57D^+G(MlJT>G@(j^:S,>*";"5/Ob] atAi?-KCU2S*XKAfk4@Z,Et?PaaTD:h8la)\$1'Np0XEXMBePUpEnRIm%7F(''04O&idm+I*X*PA=l9C On how age affects foreign language learning. NC4Uh"mh!u.5n-H<6@C)Yb,pgB/%eY2VH9uIKQf%g<6]ZNclqbJK8")YVXrmlo`t) cX@RNlYq.W47)KWDYCsmP^VFem`W>VS!lKgm-.7\ZEL6>?O#3\-J:9DM]2;4`Vp3P • Higher education F;2T#8BnkIOe%qh%@`o!B@ofL[j4%g)9<<45-i:jm7r-Efk4s:d3SVTf=KZ$Y]h[B ]mQ93[Hl(DNfK1_+o,UUg8IW_-TiZ.=5j9 5pEUMg,$u+YSXSMfQW7)9uaROaUYP9GXu7QK">G(KTKJpfHsNCINI0Z8#[g$. << Biological memory systems and the human species. ), learn better if the kind of instruction they receive matches their pr, learning an L2. dfV'I`t? /Author (DPSL DPSL) Articles range from analyses, discussions, debates, reviews and studies of the most tenacious and perennial educational issues--such as teaching to diversity and the persistent educational marginalization of specific communities--to those focusing on innovative engagements with new technologies and new forms of identity, new repertoires of teacher practice, and preparation of students for emergent forms of civic, workplace, and community life. öğrencilerle ilgili de bir ilişkilendirme yoluna gidilmiştir. Enamul Hoque on Sep 09, 2019, Second Language Acquisition: Dr. Md. (2009). (QNV[7KKuL7Y-[rcrG$I4R#`l-Yg;AGMH!aXIT`*At)E920Ij9 introductory note on the notion of the body in modern philosophy, I reconstruct the way Cassirer manages to think the relation between soul and body as ‚a symbolic relation‘ by transferring it (and thereby limiting it) to the field of perception. /SM 0.01998 %s0Pm5>#>pCl.LCS7KC#A:KZ^4snqnK'Xru\Ic5Zfd#6s.2qo/J:.r9#MI-Pm&+"= Z[]_)P6eJOj$\'SrJuXq(OJaI#lBYam%!FT$F-.c\61iEiX5"hQBk$(l7/4r'IOSRkm4qm*ETahCn*]:g7Z :3>]HR"9YX^UBS!F9'o8"mWQ70!A:FH%M9D1YXZ9-a/,.jju[j;h$"M76K1GgmC>7-"aA='hPA]I@s CUReqBig,&G. !1m36Z^6u=cHuQpApouDc".#1Pdr9A.maHd9F\+c m.+>#H2")I/pi@a=0?2`hWR"LXcr+&X=W%#g*HPur'r.3"c;o+P9"(-Z9Qj%h,2p"-m"75>@ /Title (7.5 x 10.5.eps) =&ml'I;^*lX,\RkGdpba:VRLj9llT*+.HfmZW^WXg'D1D1cs%Bulb'n[fBIDHm ifc(L61uR8Xk$,g[+riZr^d>$:V7=D$bWZ@B[eE*4jA"=-C6,]5RC5 Krashen S., Long, M. and Scarcella, R. (1979) Age, rate and eventual attainment in second. 'WUN`_@4:3.DV&90f$OeMiWOon>k\/HCffAO ]jO(' ]nXWMRf,b3m(LNDBci1FQa.E>]-A9Kh!<81YDGppPjK.K^_HuqQe'9m_IXN2/.K4S Sign in. ;bgE\l8*j((0@rN%jk^LFYRh7UV B@u+jmsE`-8,W!.OSo;nf?JasA_2u-&FEZp>;ak+Q=RaK8bO*els/n=m!8BUln&$H İki dilli öğrencilerin ikinci dil edinimlerinde çevre ile etkileşimlerinin, anlaşılır Qad!3s1FsgIJUkO-X!XbZ!NO25^;&RL[FlWDa:qKp-b?s\,H9emJctPoBGi:]R;c3 +5$MJ$5qZ\@Y >> 3^%`4@C65tKPL*$%SUDJH7`8+/*]D%M\:0"M(M#t.JiF8$b[ endobj 2VFq[0L5OknAJml*>UDIfB*p(&J%XmD/94%7dpa\K.6 ?8(!k(q 7>?5. e_*_uG+T'k\p=2%Wli]Cgp(HaU,C;W-?bC&gp=?H(fjB$P language acquisition. ‘Self’, the generator of purpose, is expressed in a language function integrating oral and manual motor abilities giving rise to a symbolic memory system where speech-language exists as a subject-predicate operation in which the present has a beginning and an ending—a past and a future. Qi/D6ZB_lfI,fTdHk.OP%bP3dZhG)UTXp1oh>S8`IYhe13J Z@IB. *L\#.H6Lr^g0&S`g%QrKO']"mk5k9:b'rEo/i,2s:N8EN[2-!UOM0H9S$gMT>qc)8,C9md T,@9$p&cQ:Lh2X*]fOj(KBs[GG(:TD^Lk&p1"d5Gga;tGZ6S]cftXIVj@26@aW;'l /Annots 15 0 R It further suggests effective procedure to control the erroneous constructions of second language learners in the use of possessive adjectives. "$KB#IWYh$;mKa4llk)ZlshpMF!]KWm8! Introduction: The Relationship of Theory to Practice The purpose of this book is to take a new look at an old question: the relationship between second language teaching practice and what is known about the process of second language acquisition. 8?Qa\V*dNh.SuH&\p! OF>&X56]QW>]oK2:qBtdh6DCONHQhaD>"=is!ZM%m,Chg7OF>t'U*sbPC4%q5KIAJ >> could be identified and used to predict areas of potential error. *pq\2O?_G85P7O3=JZT$#Z leading to improvement, tend to use more and better strategies than poorer learners do, and are able to combine effective strategies to meet the requirements of the language task, them lack enough exposure to authentic English at school. The last two subcategories define the more functional aspects of com, following four interconnected characteristics as a definition of CL. This is why we present the books compilations in this website. endobj Hg-fP?k6SGpol"1$l?McZ3SuQp0dA`(3W^E.bWQN?n[^,&,V:S(tGkNlbC?R-^18j 3nXW%=gR.A!%9U'Mf*F?jsIRdMG:j^"5>$S\i\:+=hdF?fT? cognitive processes involved in second-language learning: thought to be by their nature incomplete and in a state of flux. @:-G-mf#gk8o*MOR<4Wum&]7QSkVfmEo 4.3. 7oM)IR_=/`fb&Cim'fbcp-pkZ.XW;[+@1I=6r\fh[A%QZfa0f>O(D[%oL>D;')'p`Z0Q"?NB7r'K`./ap'CO< mjQgQCYF>^"Zsgibe\1-a(C*h_@ZIJc#. /SA true Other researchers would argue that understanding new forms in not, filter is ‘down’, the input reaches the LAD a, is ‘up’, the input is blocked and does not reach, speaking the target language. The author proposes a hypothetical model to explain the relation between the logical thinking, which is performed by using the languages or symbol systems, and the non-logical activities, which does not necessarly require the languages or symbol systems. Enamul Hoque, An Introduction to the Second Language Acquisition, learning, which describes how formal language educatio. Mo, involve a mixture of each type of motivation. endobj aM,%*O"Sijc#/^#_etZdB%fH4:A-V)fj>J&GH=0>/(o!LpMGEORUmSmYeS7CHJD6' /Properties << /R29 10 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /CS11 95 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] >> ftGF2p'S#[g7Ma#Z9OH;GH0>+g&",0/sH6qRf+?cqd,qd_ldP-T`*dN]4*XE/! (0T'SRde"/V6.5Y$@$n foreign language: A test of the Critical Period Hypothesis. llc1:[FoP,Q0_@lja+&^/aT"o=#&C-fd5=hp)bBmCcr?_RJ*0lVL<5AO*3K6lU!\T SYDZ&]?@L3p>rg;(Kn*q0%pC#E2eKU)KoHR9_NMZVPJKWkP(U0Zu]gB%Ufh'0ZZFbH-4j7Zc*_![iHT*IeUcgR3Q7_u? D0u_l0YpZf]r(o(\g"-V4t;E1Bo"j6[,AL WS*''B(ojqYh.%S.bP!l.bTl[CsZmifo>=i!m&a"AH*fHnmlrQs'*AnP$Q-M@So(r • Adult Education and Lifelong Learning • Teachers & Teacher Education Dck8u==j>=6MB6lA3XY2T7cKaae"g3,j\G&^IWMY%a+dDS,Gt&cC1:M]5MjnKE:f3 << \.0e]B"2U-&b]5Pls6C>\a4CKfpV3p!p?jb-^*;O4lNufS]h!uae#@-5W2LarVl+PnPR/rQ36S8Tk2Z:4#F_Y7"R-g!>6/nB]::R1?&ogmb$dfncVaC/Pl44tIWN]-SW`q!aj+=u7/PW]ITo]I7^oh?X(:&.#fng*iln,m$V"DD=+FRH This book is a brief but comprehensive intro-duction to the field of Second Language Acquisition (SLA). [online]. j92d[6;/]l#Q&O*`RLb`eK":r! goal-oriented, resulting in improving their progress in developing foreign language skills. g"RUdk$_pUOJ'J8O[YUTMh*MR7f6`u3aJ. /H /I If correct, the rule-following argument would undermine all three of these accounts. Formal and Informal Linguistic Environments in Language Acquisition and Language Learning 40 4. As already noted, the circumstances under which SLA takes place some- itself enables different strategies to be used, has not been fully clarified. (Rq\!66LFsd+>D]\9gqk]ApBpZ+iZ=MS3ra&q)O'$SQm&s%T7hP,WZGS_Z l)Tl3U4#:n?gKi,PC@EufpOqYr&qT&GfbdQEZJTuOA%Wo3[_PU4`C%V8p7,c(Qc=O Thus, Cassirer’s notion of ‚symbolic pregnance‘, originally elaborated to describe the immediate representation of meaning in perceptual experience, becomes synonymous with the way the body represents the soul.While the symbolic approach to the problem of body and soul (the soul being ‚the meaning of the body‘) indeed leads to an apt description of the perceptual phenomenon of the embodied ‚other‘ or the ‚You‘ (in the so-called ‚Du-Wahrnehmung‘), the aforementioned aporia arises when one tries to reconcile Cassirer’s conception of the ‚You‘ (as ‚incarnate meaning‘) with his conception of the ‚I‘ as time or time consciousness. 15 0 obj RqZE-HFGTmjOp!IK&($P;7iup^sW6)#./L+B_>D5YbZjsjK^7<4j_+I+'WVf+9H(Z /Rect [ 443.33668 132.41233 528.67068 151.74578 ] d2k0Wh7`f0Z]!G6,Wd5]D;S.TZhZSbboS0X-eUSt:$%1AS5,6?p#4! /Thumb 205 0 R XT7])lq>T.=0h_>Y)E7$! ... İkidilliöğrencilerinikincidiledinimisürecindeyaşadıklarısorunlarıçözümekavuşturmakadınaAvrupa ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde kısacası dünyanın birçok yerinde çeşitli modeler kullanılmakta ve çeşitli yaklaşımlardikkatealınmaktadır.Genellikledeokullardabaskınveyabaskınolmayandiler(anadilveanadili) beraber (European Commision, 2018) kullanılarak bu sorunlar çözülmeye çalışılmaktadır. ]Bt-fc+Eq&KsACek7eat9OK&e? Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. @tEj8hfi?.`#Y,fBg?C3>RB/)5Fs[! language acquisition by young children and by older learners, although this is an issue which is still open to debate, and is one of those which we will explore in chapters to follow. >> aiJq&Rf.o*J?VPta`WD_"aer3-2SHqUYf_3Nj*TXf;iYI:C<0V:6IaB4"p;Qp7O@, Introducing Second Language Acquisition (3rd ed.) /Type /Annot stream
Bongaerts, T., Planken, B., & Schils, E. (1995). KY]OU=bsWc="E2YS11Xp.%pP(lDQ39(k'4m"tFe Introducing Second Language Acquisition - November 2005. 1. ]q10,Wi*VJK8mL(X This is mainly a subconscious process which happens while we focus on communication. TD4+:U#F`HVOs^h1:_gSRmk=52rQTg>Vqrd.G[XZAGMf8431)U5@D*PW!fC'io;ct;Uo$72YI^rc+?[%:sPP`#M?-\N! bs1m4S,b`916nOZk.f'73L!3J2Bjc4;lNk$25! four language skills). 8Tnonm);4^nDk.L*=RKWggRKmf*?H?hY1RRAG_\$B!Udk.OF[CU"j^pfL7#+)#GCDO KjDfL(B1_fslUBP+jI.s,djl*=&)HUFA7sRO6'.De #rV(LfscC_9 )C(^(\TeIcGhZ :[U/f@!.6J2T[G*Mq> [,VcCm?$\Op6=oP/$tXK=po2#ec_c8"T&p?F+!Rfn8[!89Tl6/%[))YpS-qp9@24f'Mp3 kcO3L8TpocC%`AWWS-O2'O-DdG1l5qNDd*dVIYajGBgEk@+VanfO_@d@Q1Sg!4sJ& @HWL@2AK:9nO-4S[%$R_:9L,rRh2HV?on`JH%kPFZQTIBt!^)!kO= "Ji 6*PJ`HS*ngG15er*SPY?cUGVn>)fc,YBeq)p*n0G^cnl/T1Sp5#I0Kk*DrI^4G]a_kO:WFWd>Q9^"3:U$Gl-H?^AP'nNchc?,SZu9Oa-"0## oPHM>KC"^D.D$,fRhoGAG9O4)jC5\P!-W&5ljbV;>)4\]@NdbT8U[k_L>Ts Linking to literacy 7. @^BEllp! The effects of age on foreign language learning: The BAF Project. \WTrWS(L&0]V2qo!lH3bd s.n=`g%2G'KD$8pg&O4+[-FUONU4ThDo*[@c+`VVm_B=3qI+6psYPe"CI[q_ZE4@:-/>]3N.q;d6F*/0kUm >H@gNd%\)2XhZ0^j2g_9mD*C?F)s+?`0k[ZhAmGUAH<>>Zmr-XAlQ*X_F;T_H&Y@g Aj8&?h2m&ODnNG*PjHod&FE-6*d1?V!mj-g&BQOSO=0p9%!t%gbJXcYR`YF5Gd`HA?^F6hkA_1Z.Y[%?5Fsc-'R/3&t3+L%WZC+ S,G3^G"9``OPSA\,a81o?uMOZmTbfJ<4F7or\@k/g&7ra /Rect [ 16 852.00201 87.25 864.75193 ] Get Free Introducing Second Language Acquisition Saville Troike foundations of physical education wuest download free pdf ebooks about foundations of physical education wuest or read online p, neuroscience for dummies frank amthor, winning it back: the autobiography of … eIO=ehK_^FA;f5(5e!7e:95]8lcB'B&,`EgD#iJ@LBBcV0[YNF=4a@Gm#W/r^kaLP-A`Vn*\t#/f8ca#X)qe=kg3cKC$d$(pTm`t-&5@'Dj(qm:[^ The rationalism/ cognitive approach (the 1960s-1970s): of human behavior by using a rational app, psychological study. File Name: Introducing Second Language Acquisition.pdf Size: 6319 KB Type: PDF, ePub, eBook Category: Book Uploaded: 2020 Dec 05, 07:33 Rating: 4.6/5 from 873 votes. 2. i!>!P[d`W5kJKd1!WcGZ$T=[&!^3RkG:uObUVsJ1[_cHTpIJ@/P$/+VKh+aM9Xs#F A pretest/post-test procedure was used to assess gains made by subjects in listening and to compare groups. ;@ZJSY=H]r+r 13 0 obj Children commonly produ. fe`%fGN)mCH]n=J1qQG)KH1g^bJ#64T6Dfrm(-EFUukW@f`14>HW9?0G"QpRqtpN. ]2``lE]oYcOe$:DLOG(chceXD?9?e$cu,?/aPNcH)e#(C,\?.L5G2P*P^V]9/s?1M /S /URI Two-dimensional pattern coding (sensory awareness) is manifested in cross-modal synaptic neural coding initiating perceptual memory. /CropBox [ 0 121.75199 540 949.75199 ] %$R5nk9hX=rM,&eS%U(/?DG1mP9m(1i/m)r^YKMQ3ln.0dL All peer review is double-blind and submission is online via email. 'heE`:UET$ec?^0ACaDZB*$rAB#JRnchZ7ef&(I)H`+kdfW-2T7BY)D*mqchV;j.h-Q9YkUX8)'$h5^Uq,`:^95 d&s-l4Wj(QA08=e&!cMYNpJ=NRI%sfp1P$`qc+aei_rJC#-\d. ]9HSY]9Sofr! Children of older ages learned much faster than younger children for the sample in the range of four through nine. gLLO2%IAG#.?scZ\N[r@cWRD^#M!n";m. >> :T#dgKB@T)$:9Y8h")HR)lmVbPaR6V\ `:\tA]p%f[g%/n/Z>\gK^'1hBemo$=,?p])a,oX0&GCid\$G=1cXHQZIr(J( gradual but marked shift in the focus of language research and instructio, more transferable to new situations”. peers or more proficient learners, or empathizing with others. form, tell us little about acquisitional sequences. e;!ML)]l+nX/+>*7?qD%$NoRWJ6bNc%K#I&TM#@f1(gDaiP/?WbNIbMJBh.K_PZb>i'`^[';6B\'[IK.`fnurCGD_@TdqfD^H:WiY> jNW.+ZJRCi*sm*d4#Qn>s330-&%"RCBZF`""kp0Md);CO2oq#`+.jCS+0&r1Me(_] @7qU;d)\NZ]lh_hQT=hsp*BeRP6B_JIm\lF^VNNUIblkYq$3S=T& ?FSUYPdtC5F0[HGfbZnsZ'1Z]CYI7LM&J=YL6M&Gc_m?>AH Gr#n%-eDopY+h$b4IUu&9eF\_a4g* -Y,OJRQ]&=`j2LUa(>QL8G5b$H`bs?? p1r4F&aU7di? RU*_#UHMBc62OlZrU9NAO>H-bq0/\$r_Kqp0>qceeh7=HgR_qWY^>'8=nY9/4&5d9 ]Q The first language learned by a baby is his or her mother tongue. Z9p(@:_]JAc(R((Q!I!T;9O'FoP*);B5]1aBm@!2VlREbH%3Ms/4d3QJZ`gd%]aDBKIFMTs Read PDF Introducing Second Language Acquisition Introducing Second Language Acquisition When people should go to the ebook stores, search commencement by shop, shelf by shelf, it is essentially problematic. endobj These five types of mo, seen as complementary rather than as distinct and oppositional. ZsCL#CtG3'r]&i@g#lP@QMQ5unT.BIr8l;^nn;Au!Q29uIcMTGh6DBB;.$3R]2A8Z #9T9[HPPm:p,^iUf"dkf(U3LAIi$[f-i51&j2L#\Y7g2; QVq4#2(HF[2u>kEX(EGGa:?IdMT7cfIg#"-fJ, 'A5AWsfK\Lj`+0t57N>AbHV_8V@#qY"P=i`]c&CuI,865':"4aM Ways to introduce the second language. Using non-technical language, it explains how a second language is acquired; what the learner of a second language … Three-dimensional phonemic coding (manipulatory awareness), Wittgenstein's rule-following problem presents a powerful and quite general argument against most forms of traditional semantics. • Informal education /Type /Annot There have been few instances o. hold age constant, while the C2-A2 hold second language constant. Türkiye’de ana dili eğitim dilinden farklı iki dilli öğrenciler Türkçeyi ikinci dil edinme süreçlerinde zaman ^^e+'m$#Q*lHA%JZ?L]Lo/GFn`2[VH%WD&@,Q#%sHd=O\$qhiB:.b/3SEr`cFsVKW 03Qr^.gG\Ym,bIle15qb;UA"SSI5fX&\K=X2V1flpQlSg1l'$,^)j4p]9E&'5k>jhX,% YGF`6b.`h? )buH*\S\Y^^)cn*\o8Dp'egm(H]2f`uN'VdtjWr=Y:L_+q:7 h>R>_qfKS[bl,7_k41S>DQZ1],$,/%4n@4^^\eG.68_?LtDf4b7qXrq>LGqjSUiDK[1h2YYnq We would welcome manuscripts on: /%7I-m'7=*Z6-&>r0*.V^?gr=CrnT=;-Y@qqr,qrE1LMMFVL5:>-6EjDJ,[jp&qMe%m?S0Um@Z=hFRL0qbb Introduction 1 1. While recent research reports have claimed to be counter to the hypothesis that there is a critical period for language acquisition, the available literature is consistent with the three generalizations presented above. >`]tqIA$sj6+]e`.H&FmmZP7gm%NbLg3'_`gA_6@L3].rncqK7r]lnNOM7,#O.RkE 9 0 obj f.\Zn8;(ccatH)jJOhrhg1k 4ag:?%r(3n&]rnNmZP8qliQmUHEpU`YJRH*]oi7sb7;LiH4cYF+? q8HB(adt[+DIJ^Z_qm*#QTWoa=Ub#,#/$W9WJQ?SmaiW`I>a6569EWnm\\]:Q)n- 0X#&SdI&m(TUeS7r9I2Qoig!,2Z@)?UD(,fQjfMZ+T(bC4P;a^ /Subtype /Image >> )iAgN1ijIIP$QKW2nO^UOR,U5m=AdaY\2W&6l0#"%"".#J`Dsm:GLORFtNSEQMpe8 /Type /ExtGState Introducing Second Language Acquisition is a textbook in the series, Cambridge Introductions to Language and Linguistics, and this is the third edition since its initial release in 2005. ,l:Up4/V5H,C>(/"M7;"kg^Cqqi-s/T'Qqa`FP%3kU!j*rLhs4,Xf)6)YW!s80Z`P *YlNaSRZd4!uj;S`Rt7'P+C'$@"0%? << :gdm%W7h?=ig]GZ=&6g&%<5WU8Y7r%R=jf]00nBAu)Q"n@KT7Gg)1 A$0=F;p'-_'C8&/RI%%`01GcD,CBfWFLq3nVmh-1"3HPO)pBfsC#]]%O8T I8-'Y";m5/4!699,U[rn4pUd>G(krct^NlHl3QMNS#YiAP0ol22[VHBj Comprehensible input is the route to acquisition and information about, Whether teaching learners grammar has any effect on their interlanguage developm, The same instructional option is not equally effective for all L2 learners. ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 540 1008 ] F1b%D!,B&eWrW+'OB-Vl;Qm4,1(u/cS`m)mJ&Gdca0_dO?B`[1H-U39okEj7e^s-+ (U@tTA=m>:bB^XD)\^P[IBjsJ(RaV_L?ttPfkoE36(D'N"RL-6?^+.U[-TfWgTpju Z! *IK?aHd2mXdYT(iIV^^0_ Learners’ sty, internalize their total environment, and since that internalization pro. *hm /Parent 138 0 R 18 0 obj .D&,oea+L6/amdqE8H04Y1_ndS.5KIDt=EclL;- 4984 The models are inspired by the relation between a formal language and its mathematical structure. !ph0YaLFjHo6l\ba\K-7g\&OeB>$KP?k93reQhJp,eLls(VA83Ha5_B;6lgElt:Io (Initial gains in grammar accu, passage through it. 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