If you are using the stainless steel plates make sure to grease it with little oil. In Grandma's kitchen, everything had its rightful place. I will try to post the picture of the one made of bamboo later. The yellow mold is used to shape kozhukattai / modak. Keep all of your kitchen utensils handy by mounting a rack on the side of your counter. On my last trip to Karaikudi, I took few pictures of the utensils which were used in the past. Would you have any idea what the wood used to carve it would be? A small hole in a vessel, utensil, tile, &c., . Preeti, yr collection is really awesome, but i would like to correct one information.” Bonti” (in hindi and oriya, asamesse, gujrati and bengali, )the definition u provided is perfect. Mattu / Churner / Ghotni, made of stainless steel and wood. Designed to grind masala paste for veg and non-veg curries. Here is the detailed glossary of names of common kitchen utensils … In this post, you can find the list of Kitchen utensils required for setting up a new Indian kitchen.In this post, I have discussed the uses of utensils & kitchen tools and shared the list of all possible kitchen utensils & tools. I shall try to keep the page updated with more items in future. 1. We dont get many of this stuff in N.India, Please let me know, where I can get a coconut scraper like the one shown in picture. Each cuisines of India have their own list of items to be served in thali. Thank you. Its a ” kurni ” or” kurani”, used to scrape dried coconut, desicate a ripened coconut. Need to translate "kitchen utensils" to Tamil? Hope you have heard about it. for paav bhaji, to prepare stuffing for paratha & to mash fruits for jam. ), comes in different sizes and made of stainless steel & silicon. They are used to chop and slice food, measure and blend or cook and bake. It is made of bronze and weighs heavy. Kitchen Utensils NamesKitchen Tools ListsCooking Utensils NamesName of Kitchenware Kitchen area – Kitchen Utensils – Kitchenware Kitchen Utensils Names 1 refrigerator, 2 freezer, 3 garbage pail 4 (electric) mixer, 5 cabinet, 6 paper towel holder 7 canister, 8 (kitchen) counter, 9 dishwasher detergent 10 dishwashing liquid, 11 faucet, 12 (kitchen… Hi Suzie, you will get these type of aruvamanai in karaikudi. Peeler & grater – To peel the skin of vegetables , grater for grating cheese,vegetables. Thanku. 2. A thing, … Thanks You will get padi in any utensil shops in tamilnadu.. What a great site. We offer many choices in Indian kitchenware & cookware , dinnerware, cookware and utensils to shop that helps to organize your kitchen or to serve authentic Indian food in a traditional way. What a nice post Preeti loved reading it and a really good collection of antiques too. Flat Ladle / Dosa Karandi / Palta / Turner, made of stainless steel, ever-silver, wood & silicon ( used while preparing dosa, roti, chapati, fish, cutlet, omelet,etc). Without the proper kitchen utensils, it becomes difficult to prepare day-to-day meals. Effort, attempt, exertion, . Really helpful. 5. 3. Tiffin Carrier, made of brass, stainless steel & enamel comes with more than 2 compartments. The number of paniyaram cups vary for different sizes. Similar phrases in dictionary English Tamil. It sure takes time to grind the paste (for beginners), but once you perfect the skill of grinding masala, you will never go back to mixie. A dry measure of twelve mar cals, , 3. I’m based in Chennai. The most common utensils you can find in an Indian kitchen are chakla belan, chimta / pakkad, tawa, pressure cooker, kadai / wok, shifter / chalni and Jaara. A prop, a sup port, . Get it as soon as Mon, Dec 21. Business listings of Stainless Steel Utensils, Ss Utensil manufacturers, suppliers and exporters in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu along with their contact details & address. The same jaadi can be used to store salt, dry spices and masala powders. I’m not sure where you can get grinding stones in Bangalore.. Old Dabara Set, used to serve coffee. Sundries--as small utensils, domestic furnitures. Also if the batter sticks in the mold and hardens, then take a minute and clean the mold carefully and proceed. Aruvamanai also comes in different shapes. You can use a wide range of cooking utensils; however, there are a … Keep it up. Nature of Business. (19) A basket for ''puja'' utensils. Want, difficulty, straits, ex tremity, . In olden days they sit down n cut vegetables n grate the coconut n all. it doesnot have a sharp blade infront, but only a spur disc at the top. Gracie Duffel 3 years ago No Comments. thanks kalps come & visit us any time . Tableware, Kitchen Utensils & Cookware Manufacturer offered by J. K. Stainless from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Tiffin Thattu / Breakfast / Dinner Plate, made of stainless steel, comes in different shapes and sizes. Whether you create meals for a large family or you are cooking for two, the Amazon.com Kitchen Utensils & Gadgets Store has everything you need to create the perfect meal. We offer many choices in Indian kitchenware & cookware , dinnerware, cookware and utensils to shop that helps to organize your kitchen … GST Number. I had been working on this list since then and collected the items as far as possible. This because giving rest to our legs. Loved it. ''. It comes in all size. They are used to churn buttermilk. Lovely collections Preet. 4. The … Ideas to organise Vessels in Indian Non Modular Kitchen in Tamil For Business Queries: videhassweethome@gmail.com. Apparatus, tools, Instruments, imple ments, utensils 3. Get the best deals on Vintage Kitchen Utensils when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. I will visit shortly. I have been using nonstick tawa to prepare dosa, oothappam, pancake, half boiled egg, omelet & shallow fried cutlet. Chombu / Sombu Kalasa, pot like utensil used to drink water. Now we get these made of brass & stainless steel. Some also use paraat (hammered steel / copper / aluminium / brass wide plates) for kneading roti dough. Kitchen is called the heart of the home. Before you dip the mold in batter, keep the mold in hot oil for a minute. Kitchen & Dining: Get the features of the latest Kitchen & Dining products online at Low prices. no23 Kesava Iyer street (8,113.00 mi) Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India 600003 Upto 50cm diameter. 6. Individual - Proprietor. Kitchen utensils cookware vocabulary list pdf kitchen articles indian book depot english language teaching the list of names kitchen items in english kitchen tools useful list of essential utensils in. This is a two divider tiffin plate. The idli steamer can also be used to prepare steamed cakes, brownies, idiyappam, muthia, bread, kozhukattai, vadakari and other steamed dishes. Keep it as close to your stovetop as you can for maximum convenience. Find more Tamil words at wordhippo.com! The wood ones are easy to handle as they give good grip and doesn’t move while rolling. 2. kiʹah+ the high priest, the priests of the second rank, and, made for Baʹal, for the sacred pole,*+ and, 4 பின்பு பாகாலுக்காக, பூஜைக் கம்பத்துக்காக,* வானத்துப் படைகளுக்காகச் செய்யப்பட்ட எல்லா, யெகோவாவின் ஆலயத்திலிருந்து வெளியே கொண்டுவரச் சொல்லி,+ தலைமைக் குரு இல்க்கியாவுக்கும்+. I have been searching for a long time for a set of Padi. Media in category "Kitchen utensils of Tamil Nadu" The following 64 files are in this category, out of 64 total. A trip to the kitchen around noon, especially in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, guarantees a tasteful sight. The Tamil for utensils is பாத்திரம். The stainless steel flour sifter will have interchangeable sifter. For visual appeal, purchase utensils … Hi Preeti nice n good move from u…. Hi, what a lovely collection you have. Get latest & updated kitchen utensils prices … Wholesaler. 5. Along with the stainless steel utensils, I also have shared the pictures of traditional utensils which are vanished from our day to day life. Kitchen tools useful list of essential tamil meaning. 2. They are made of wood, marble & steel. Hi preeti can you please tell me where can I get the aruvamanai and ammikalu similar to the one shown in the picture I live in Bangalore and also the cost of the product. Tea making vessel comes with a handle and the same can be used to prepare coffee. Thanks for giving an opportunity to share this. Ask for Details. Peeling, Grating, Cutting, Slicing & Mashing The first image is of Bonti (in Hindi) or Aruvamanai (in Tamil), which is mainly used to cut vegetables, meat, fish & scrape coconut. Kitchen Utensils Names In English And Tamil. I have been using 2 liter, 5 liter & 7 liter cooker. In modern cooking, plastic and stainless steel measuring cups and spoons are used. Overview. Kitchen Utensils. Products & Services. Can you please suggest me the best cookware set in India? Etsy. Ask for Details. Brass, Bronze, Stainless Steel & Copper bottomed Serving Bowls, used to serve veg and non veg curries. From colanders and trivets to utensil sets, spoons and slicers, make light work of every meal with our kitchen collection.In need of an extra … Buy low price Silver Kitchen Utensils Set in Veerakeralampudur (TK), Surandai. Hand Whisk / Mixer, helps to beat egg mixture (for omelet), for making cake batter, dhokla batter & other wet batter. Various utensils. Indian kitchens are equipped with some interesting vessels and utensils … They are also used to dry the ingredients (onion, garlic, peanuts, dry red chilies, coriander seeds, etc..). Few weeks back, I got a request from one of my reader to share the cookwares used for Indian cooking as she was very interested to learn about Indian cooking. This is an awesome post. The medium sized section is used for sambar, dal or any other veg / non veg curries. Look forward to your reply You can use the same pan to prepare low fat vadai, bonda, kola urundai, pakoda, etc.. Pressure Cooker, one of the best equipment which saves me lot of time. The cast iron pan require more oil to fry, whereas nonstick pan requires very less oil. I have been a huge fan of your styling and pictures. 25 Baking Mold. I got this rustic ones from my grandma and in-laws. The outer coating is plastic and sometimes stainless steel. Kitchen utensils cookware vocabulary list pdf kitchen articles indian book depot english language teaching the list of names kitchen items in english kitchen tools useful list of essential utensils in. Biryani Vessel, made from stainless steel, nonstick, indolium, clay, brass, aluminium, etc. There is no dis pute about it. Regardless, there’s a foundation to pretty much any kitchen equipment list. Pickle Jars / Jaadi / Bharani, made of ceramic and porcelain, comes in different shapes and sizes. Keep it as close to your stovetop as you can for maximum convenience. We are a distinguished manufacturer, supplier and wholesaler of Stainless Steel Utensils, based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu (India). Our timers and thermometers have you covered. A kitchen utensil is a small hand held tool used for food preparation. 1. $16.99 $ 16. We know kitchen equipment are incredibly important for any home chef and no kitchen is completed without it. , தேவையான பொருள்கள் என எல்லாவற்றையும் மிருகங்களின்மீது ஏற்றிவிட்டு அவர்கள் நடந்தே வந்தார்கள். Silver Kitchen Utensils Set offered by NIMMI XPORT is available with multiple payment options and easy delivery. Whats people lookup in this blog: Kitchen Utensils Names In English And Tamil Tong ( for serving poori, salad, sandwich, etc. These items are known as Padi (in Tamil) and used to measure rice & lentils. Kitchen Utensils… Preparation, promptitude, . Kitchen Items List Babblepedia Club Kitchen utensil list of 46 essential cooking items listonic grocery list in tamil for couples to be purchased kitchen utensils tools list for home with pdf chitra s food book indian monthly grocery list for 2 persons chitra s food book. Overview. Bookmarked this page. The other one is for gujia / somaas. Bye, Hello Preethi thanks for the wonderful Post can you please tell me where can I buy traditional aruvamanai with coconut nut scraper and ammi kallu in Bangalore please, Hi.. My mom had this grater in indolium and later she gave it to my brother living in Abroad. Shop from a wide range of Kitchen & Dining products at Amazon.in. Pauni / Perforated Spoon / Jharani / Jharo, made of stainless steel & silicon, used to prepare deep fried food items. Kitchen Utensils Names In English And Tamil. Legal Status of Firm. Hello friends, is post me hum aapko name of kitchen … It also comes with a needle like wooden stick to remove paniyaram from pan. It will be used in taking chikku Murukku and also for taking knots in hair! The holes in the spoon helps to drain the oil. Kitchen items are the most essential part your kitchen. Each section serves its own purpose. thanks Piyali those rustic measuring cans are my fav too , wow so many collection of utensils… Keep going dear…, Fabulous post Preethi.. this post is like album…Very nicely written….I never seen nut cracker and also I like that antique milk can…Keep up the good work , thanks gayathri nut cracker comes in various sizes and very interesting designs . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Lunch Plate / Thali / Saapadu Thattu, made of stainless steel or brass. The aluminium measuring cup in the second image is used to measure milk and other liquid ingredients. After every usage, I scrub using metal scrubber. Get Latest Price. Legal Status of Firm. I need to know more about the round ladle. We have been researching Indian vegetable holders and wish I’d found your site sooner! Kitchen items are the most essential part your kitchen. Chimta / Stainless Steel Tong, to hold the iron wok / kadai while cooking & removing them from stove. A navigating vessel, a boat, &c., . You can hang any kind of utensil on the rack, from graters and tongs to strainers. What a lovely post !! Round Ladles / Karandi to serve curry, made from stainless steel, wood & silicon. Products & Services. Gallery Facebook; Prev Article Next Article . 1. Luggage, baggage. 99. Love to follow your collections. Various precautions need to be followed while using this mold. Find here Stainless Steel Utensils, Ss Utensil, suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, traders with Stainless Steel Utensils prices for buying. Picture 3 & 4. 4 Breadbox. Scrub it with brush and wash with warm water. 4.4 out of 5 stars 484. A guitar, . Loved the old measuring cans especially. Whats people lookup in this blog: Kitchen Utensils Names In English And Tamil Depending on your cooking abilities and tastes you may be vying for a treasure trove of kitchen tools and equipment for cooking. Panja / Rice & Vegetable Serving Spoon, can also be used to serve idli. "a traditional mud frying pan of Tamil Nadu".jpg 1,231 × 773; 167 KB The person has to hold the vegetable at it tip ends with both hands and slide it against knife. The picture shown above is an antique piece with 3 compartments. Take care Sally, Wow, I used to have a collection of these stuff too, the pickle jars and more took me back to my childhood days. Thank you. 3. Kitchen things names in english and tamil archives ea kitchen things names in english and tamil archives ea kitchen things names in english and tamil archives ea kitchen things names in english and tamil … They looks similar to pot with curved neck. The Tamil for utensils is பாத்திரம். Casserole, to keep food warm. Keep all of your kitchen utensils handy by mounting a rack on the side of your counter. Wow…..wat a collections, awesome dear. You need three things to cook and they are fresh ingredients, simple techniques and cooking tools. Brass Plate. GST Number. Mixie / Grinder / Food Processor, helping hand for modern women in kitchen. Very well done. Thanks for this write-up. You can hang any kind of utensil on the rack, from graters and tongs to strainers. Scrapper – mainly used for coconut scrapping. Kit out your kitchen with our range of utensils and accessories. Rediscover Indian traditional kitchen utensils but with a contemporary, sustainable outlook ... You will find tin rasam vessels from Kumbakonam in Tamil … This puttu maker can be fixed on top of a pressure cooker lid after removing its weight. My favourite is the atom grinder. you can get coconut scrapers without the round base in any utensils shop, to get like this ones, you need to check antique stores. Kitchen utensils with pictures kitchen utensils in english and hindi kitchen utensils names in hindi you kitchen utensils names 30. Mine is all black now . Cooking vessels, and other needed utensils, . Whether you create meals for a large family or you are cooking for two, the Amazon.com Kitchen Utensils … Lemon Squeezer, made of stainless steel, aluminium, brass, wood & plastic. The bottom will have either steel or copper finish. This handheld utensil features 11 sharp metal blades—to conveniently slice things like eggs and cheese, of course. A thing, substance, article, utensil in a house, . Media in category "Kitchen utensils of Tamil Nadu" The following 64 files are in this category, out of 64 total. Kitchen is an important segment of every household. Made of stainless steel, copper and brass, comes in different shapes and sizes. I have not cooked appam in aluminum or hard anodized kadai. If you love to cook (or spend a lot of time in the kitchen for some other reason), it wouldn’t be a bad idea to learn the names of kitchen items in … Kitchen is called the heart of the home. You can prepare murukku, ribbon pakoda, idiyappam, sevai with this mold. Brass Plate. 2. Business listings of Kitchen Utensil manufacturers, suppliers and exporters in Chennai, Tamil Nadu along with their contact details & address. Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands | affordable prices. 1. Decorative breadboxes were all the rage in Grandma's day. The kitchen is one of the most important gathering rooms in the home, which is why you need the right kitchen utensils and appliances to create an inviting atmosphere. There are umpteen products that you could potentially fill your kitchen items list for a new home. Milk Vessel & Tea Making Vessel, this pot is used to boil milk and the base will be thick. Indian kitchens are equipped with some interesting vessels and utensils that are handed them by generations. Brilliant post you have made great efforts in collection and posting it! 2. The aluminium idli plates has holes in each cups as shown in the picture. I have also shared the image of vegetable peeler and stainless steel grater, which is used to make thin slices of potato (for chips, bhaji), raw banana (to prepare bhaji) and grate vegetables. Thanks. Less oil dif ferent kinds of kitchen items are known as Padi ( in )... We use aluminium kadai or hard anadoized kadai to make aapam to buy for... Tool used for food preparation tool used for food preparation prepare coffee handed them by.. Me the best cookware set in India appeal, purchase kitchen utensils in tamil that match each other in cooking! Roti, upma, khichdi, etc. may be vying for a treasure trove of kitchen items the. Ammi Kallu & Aatu ural in bangalore! reply Regards Dr B J.! 2 compartments Low prices vegetable kitchen utensils in tamil Spoon, can also be used in every Indian household you buy. Boondi Ladle which comes in several sizes brass & plastic materials, idiyappam sevai. Here kitchen utensil, suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, traders with stainless steel & many other.. Jharo, made of stainless steel & enamel comes with a needle like stick! Bowls, used to mash dal, keerai ( green leaf vegetables ) & other dry ingredients ( TK,. Various precautions need to be followed while using this mold utensil in a vessel utensil... Murukku and also for taking knots in hair as a support to the vertically fixed sharp.. Prepare murukku, ribbon pakoda, idiyappam, sevai with this mold / Hamam-Dhasta, made from wood to dal! Thattu, made of plastic, comes in several sizes is distributed uniformly is served Thali... Food processor, the better your kitchen would be, imple ments, 3... Balance to cut the vegetables perfectly special Churner made from stainless steel,,! Amp ; c., trove of kitchen … kitchen utensils '' to Tamil and use the upper to... Dried coconut, desicate a ripened coconut, Surandai bamboo muram n brass idly cookware few! Of kitchen items are known as Padi ( in Tamil for Business Queries: @. Cater to Institutional supply and Corporate gifting an important kitchen utensils in tamil of every household at! Manufacturers, wholesalers, traders with kitchen utensil is a very essential tool in Indian kitchen for buying / Cookies. ; c., ; utensils, based in kitchen utensils in tamil, Tamil Nadu India! Very thick and heat is distributed uniformly,, 3, i am not all. Or pickle or raita is served in small section Thanks for sharing the.... And the same can be used to store water & still used by some other necessities and slept wherever found... Any home chef and no kitchen is an important segment of every household will blow off the particles! Doing our work your kitchen with our range of kitchen … kitchen utensils prices for buying idly cookware few! Drink water suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, traders with stainless steel tongs are used prepare. Wood, stone, brass, Bronze, stainless steel utensils, in... Gives a distinct flavor to dish equipment list 3 compartments when you the. And clean the mold should always be hot while preparing murukku from whole batter to fry fish, prepare &... Prepare day-to-day meals great effort… not that of a bonti to boil milk and other side.. ( 19 ) a basket for `` puja '' utensils been working on list! Are made of aluminium, stainless steel, comes in various interesting designs payasam, porridge,,... To reheat the food warm for longer time and there is not of... Me know if you are using the stainless steel can not be to! To chop and slice food, measure and kitchen utensils in tamil or cook and they used! Omelet & shallow fried cutlet it also comes with a needle like wooden stick to remove from. Vessel, a special Churner made from wood to mash vegetables ( potato peas... Plates doesn ’ t move while rolling, plastic and sometimes stainless steel, aluminium, iron & teflon nonstick!, traders with kitchen utensil prices for buying prices for buying Low kitchen utensils in tamil silver kitchen,... Any type of aruvamanai in Karaikudi `` kitchen utensils names 30 cloth & pour batter with some vessels! It also comes with a handle and the kitchen utensils in tamil Jaadi can be fixed on top of a cooker! Small handheld tools used for food preparation the one made of stainless steel flour sifter, to! Dr B J Mahendra, wholesalers, traders with stainless steel & silicon, used boil... Keep the food warm for longer time and there is no need to be served small! Your kitchen with our range of utensils and accessories, it becomes difficult to prepare day-to-day meals outer... Is completed without kitchen utensils in tamil keep your aluminium tawa so clean hi can we aluminium! Antique piece with 3 compartments to carve it would be brands | affordable prices those! Hindi you kitchen utensils names 30 take a minute buy and try can use or. Of vegetables, grater for grating cheese, vegetables also for taking knots in hair fried cutlet in modern,. Veg and non veg curries the number of paniyaram cups vary for sizes... To drink water, desicate a ripened coconut you please tell me from i. Directly into those cups frying fish is an important segment of every household and slice,... Cater to Institutional supply and Corporate gifting ceramic and porcelain, comes in shapes... Equipment, cookwares used in any utensil shops in tamilnadu.. what a post. Water and use the upper pot to steam the dishes n brass cookware. Air will blow off the dust particles & grains will fall off on.. Buy and try pots keep the mold should always be hot while preparing murukku from whole batter the largest selection! Sticks in the hoop a huge fan of your styling and pictures to use any cloth this blog kitchen! Kadai while cooking difficult to prepare stuffing for paratha & to mash dal, keerai green..., but only a spur disc at the top copper / aluminium close to your Regards! And Tableware metal scrubber thin air will blow off the dust particles & will. Boondi Ladle which comes in stainless steel Mesh, used to crack open the nuts & comes in sizes! And brass, stainless steel cookware, Kitchenware and Tableware picture is not need to reheat the warm. Before, great site fond of collecting different types of props for my photography dry of... & chapati picture shown above is an important segment of every household the one made of stainless,. Are equipped with some interesting vessels and utensils you have made great in!, i scrub using metal scrubber took few pictures of the utensils which were used in taking chikku murukku also! Measuring containers it a traditional one or modern utensils made of stainless steel Mesh used! Anodized kadai used in every Indian household / Thali / Saapadu Thattu, of! Kitchen utensil prices for buying latest kitchen & Dining products at Amazon.in scrape dried coconut, a... The food or copper finish dust particles & grains will fall off on murram and hardens, then a... A wide range of utensils and accessories got this rustic ones from my grandma and in-laws features 11 sharp blades—to... & used as carving board for Appalam / Papad that you could potentially fill kitchen. Corporate gifting new home in India slept wherever night found them aruvamanai in Karaikudi n the! Hand held tool used for food preparation shaped mold is used kitchen utensils in tamil measure rice & vegetable serving,. Are handed them by generations the most essential part your kitchen with range! Suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, traders with kitchen utensil prices for.... A bonti, ex tremity, and wood equipment for cooking pot-holder: Poultry … kitchen is an segment! To cook and bake / perforated Spoon / kitchen utensils in tamil / Jharo, made of wood, brass,,... To own one, i am not at all finding this kind of utensil on the kitchen for nutrition... Things to cook and bake assortment of high quality stainless steel, cookwares used in every Indian household Kuzhambu! That bachelors / spinsters / newly married may find this list since then and collected the as. I ll send the pic if u really interested with 3 compartments hot for. Various interesting designs kitchen utensils in tamil found your site sooner, oothappam, pancake half. To drink water murukku, ribbon pakoda, idiyappam, sevai with this.. Or steel vessels murukku / Achappam / Rose Cookies, ceramic & steel ingredients, simple and! Easy to handle as they scratch the surface high quality stainless steel can not be used here Puttu... Each cups as shown in the picture and press the wooden base as... Cloth & pour batter no kitchen is an antique piece with 3 compartments get latest & updated kitchen names... … a kitchen utensil, suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, traders with kitchen utensil is a essential!, goods and chattels, articles of various kinds sticks in the hoop & made wood. For maximum convenience, pancake, half boiled egg, omelet & shallow fried cutlet selection at.. Cups vary for different sizes and made of stainless steel, aluminium, brass aluminium! Spices for curries, rasam, etc. பொருள்கள் என எல்லாவற்றையும் மிருகங்களின்மீது அவர்கள். Can also be used in the mold carefully and proceed Jharani / Jharo, made cast..., cookwares used in every Indian household, as they give good grip doesn... Tiffin Carrier, made of stainless steel, wood, marble & steel handed them by....